Results firstly summarize the behavioural analysis discussion and the ABM definition. Finally, the software EPES (Earthquake Pedestrians׳ Evacuation Simulator) is implemented on these bases and validated using a case study (an Italian historical centre). Rules for environmental modifications due to the earthquake are proposed.
Secondly, operative criteria for pedestrian motion are provided: in particular, motion law for pedestrians is defined by modifying the Social Force model approach with the behavioural results of our case study. Firstly, our previous behavioural investigations of real earthquake evacuation from all over the World allow organizing rules in pedestrians׳ evacuation and man–environment interactions in the post-event scenario: an agent-based (ABM) approach is provided for their representation by using the i⁎ language. This work proposes an innovative approach by offering a simulator for pedestrians׳ earthquake evacuation in urban scenarios. Nevertheless, understanding and simulating these aspects become essential in determining how human behaviours influence inhabitants׳ safety levels, defining combined “risk maps” and evaluating community resilience features. Earthquake risk assessment at urban scale does not actually consider human behaviours during both the event and the first evacuation phases.
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